PROSPECTS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF VARIOUS TYPES OF ANEMIA IN CHILDREN

Abstract

Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that anemia requires close attention, as the issues of diagnosis and the possibilities of modern therapy are still poorly understood. Despite the fact that any variants of anemia can occur in childhood, anemia associated with a lack of substances (in particular iron) necessary for normal hematopoiesis still occupies a central place. At the same time, some clinical forms of anemia develop as a result of various influences and have a complex pathogenesis, such as anemia of chronic diseases. In the presence of anemia, the child's growth slows down, its harmonious development is disrupted, intercurrent diseases develop more often, foci of chronic infection are formed, and the course of other pathological processes is aggravated. Deep tissue and organ changes in anemic syndrome lead to the development of hypoxia and disorders of cellular metabolism. Timely diagnosis, replacement of iron deficiency, treatment of anemia itself and concomitant diseases contribute to full recovery. Due to the widespread introduction of modern hematological analyzers that allow taking into account various red blood cell indices, as well as the introduction of new laboratory indicators of iron metabolism, the possibilities of differential diagnosis of anemia have significantly expanded.